CBSE CLASS 12 PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 5 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 12

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES BOARD EXAM 2025

This article provides comprehensive NCERT Solutions for Class XII Psychology, Chapter 5 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. ​This document will have both in-text and review questions for one subject, together with all exercise questions for another subject. Completing all NCERT questions is essential for all school and board examinations.

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CBSE CLASS 12 PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 5 THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 12

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES BOARD EXAM 2025 

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1. Describe the nature and scope of psychotherapy. Highlight the importance of the therapeutic relationship in psychotherapy.

Ans: Psychotherapy is a professional and voluntary relationship between a therapist and a client, aimed at solving emotional, behavioral, and mental problems. It is based on mutual trust and works under specific therapeutic conditions.

Characteristics of Psychotherapy:

• Psychotherapy is based on systematic theories and principles of therapy.
• It is conducted only by trained professionals.
• It involves active interaction between the therapist and client.
• It is confidential and dynamic in nature.

Scope of Psychotherapy:

• Reinforces the client’s desire for self-improvement.
• Reduces emotional pressure and distress.
• Helps in personal growth and modifying unhealthy habits.
• Improves self-awareness and changes faulty thinking patterns.

Therapeutic Relationship:

The professional relationship between the client and therapist plays a crucial role in the success of psychotherapy.

Key Features:

1. Contractual Nature: A willing partnership between the client and therapist to address problems.
2. Limited Duration: The therapy lasts until the client can independently manage their issues and lead a better life.

2. What are the different types of psychotherapy? On what basis are they classified?

Ans: The main types of psychotherapy are:

1. Psychodynamic Therapy
2. Behavior Therapy
3. Humanistic/Existential Therapy

Basis of Classification:

Parameter	Psychodynamic Therapy	Behavior Therapy	Existential Therapy
Cause of Problem	Intrapsychic conflicts (id, ego, superego).	Faulty learning, conditioning, or cognition.	Lack of meaning in life or loneliness.
Origin of Cause	Childhood fears and unresolved desires.	Faulty reinforcement and learning patterns.	Feelings of alienation and aimlessness.
Method of Treatment	Free association, dream analysis.	Modifying behaviors using conditioning.	Creating a non-judgmental, accepting space.

3. Discuss the various techniques used in behavior therapy.

Ans: Behavior therapy uses principles of conditioning to reduce problem behaviors and increase adaptive ones.

Techniques in Behavior Therapy:

1. Negative Reinforcement:
2. • Removing something unpleasant after desired behavior.
   • Example: Wearing warm clothes to avoid cold discomfort.
3. Aversive Conditioning:
4. • Associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant outcomes.
   • Example: Giving mild electric shocks when smelling alcohol to discourage drinking.
5. Positive Reinforcement:
6. • Rewarding desired behaviors to increase their frequency.
   • Example: A child gets their favorite dish as a reward for completing homework.
7. Token Economy:
8. • Tokens are given for desired behavior, which can be exchanged for rewards.
   • Example: Patients get tokens for cleaning, which they can trade for privileges.
9. Differential Reinforcement:
10. • Increasing wanted behavior through rewards and ignoring unwanted behaviors.
    • Example: Ignoring a child’s tantrum but rewarding polite behavior.

4. Explain with an example how cognitive distortions take place.

Ans: Cognitive distortions are irrational or negative ways of thinking that distort reality.

How They Develop:

• Childhood experiences create core beliefs or schemas.
• Negative automatic thoughts arise from these schemas, leading to cognitive distortions.
• Example: A neglected child develops the belief, “I am not wanted.” This causes distorted thoughts like, “Nobody cares about me,” and negative emotional patterns.

Treatment:

• Therapists use gentle questioning to challenge and restructure these thoughts.
• This helps clients understand their faulty assumptions and replace them with positive, realistic thoughts.

5. Which therapy encourages the client to seek personal growth and actualize their potential? Write about the therapies based on this principle.

Ans: Humanistic-Existential Therapy encourages personal growth and self-actualization.

Principles:

• Clients have the freedom and responsibility to control their own behavior.
• Problems arise from loneliness, lack of meaning in life, or societal obstacles.

Therapies Based on This Approach:

1. Logo Therapy (Victor Frankl):
2. • Focuses on finding meaning in life, even in difficult circumstances.
   • Example: A person learns to find purpose despite hardships.
3. Gestalt Therapy (Fritz and Laura Pearl):
4. • Aims at developing self-awareness and acceptance.
5. Client-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers):
6. • Provides a non-directive, empathetic environment to help clients explore their experiences.

6. What are the factors that contribute to healing in psychotherapy? Enumerate some alternative therapies.

Ans: Factors Contributing to Healing:

1. Techniques: Appropriate and effective methods used by the therapist.
2. Therapeutic Alliance: Warmth, empathy, and consistent availability of the therapist.
3. Emotional Catharsis: Emotional release or unburdening during therapy.
4. Non-specific Factors: Variables like the therapist’s attitude and client’s motivation.

Alternative Therapies:

1. Yoga: Combines physical postures (asanas) and breathing exercises (pranayama).
2. Meditation: Focuses attention on breath, objects, or thoughts.
3. • Example: Vipassana (mindfulness-based meditation).
4. Kundalini Yoga: Combines breathing with mantra chanting, effective for mental health issues.

7. What are the techniques used in the rehabilitation of the mentally ill?

Ans: Rehabilitation helps mentally ill patients improve their quality of life after active symptoms subside.

Techniques Used in Rehabilitation:

1. Social Skills Training: Teaching interpersonal skills through role play and imitation.
2. Cognitive Retraining: Improving memory, attention, and other cognitive functions.
3. Occupational Therapy: Teaching skills like weaving, candle-making, or bag-making.
4. Vocational Training: Helping patients learn job-related skills for employment.

8. How would a social learning theorist and a psychoanalyst explain a phobia of lizards or cockroaches?

Ans:

1. Social Learning Theorist's View:
2. • Phobia is learned from observing others.
   • Example: A child sees parents reacting fearfully to lizards, which reinforces fear.
3. Psychoanalyst's View:
4. • Phobia is due to unconscious or repressed experiences.
   • Example: Watching a traumatic event (e.g., someone torturing a lizard) as a child can create unconscious fear.

9. What kind of problems is cognitive behavior therapy best suited for?

Ans: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective for:

• Anxiety, depression, panic attacks, borderline personality disorder, etc.

Key Features of CBT:

• Combines cognitive therapy (restructuring thoughts) and behavior therapy (modifying behaviors).
• Focuses on biological (relaxation techniques), psychological (thought patterns), and social (environmental adjustments) aspects of problems.
• CBT is structured, short-term, and effective for a variety of disorders.

 

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