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RAPID REVISION WITH CLASS 12 HUMANITIES CHAPTER NOTES FOR CBSE BOARDS EXAMS 2025
27 January 2025 by
NCERT BOOKS
Humanitas

CHAPTER NOTES FOR CLASS 11 & 12 CBSE BOARDS EXAMS 2025

CHAPTER NOTES FOR CBSE CLASS 11 & 12 FOR BOARDS EXAMS 2025 RAPID PREPARATION

What is NCERT?

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous entity founded by the Government of India in 1961 under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. Based in New Delhi, its principal objective is to enhance the quality of school education by research, curriculum development, teacher training, and the production of standardised educational resources. NCERT functions under the Ministry of Education and partners with state governments, universities, and international organisations to harmonise India's education system with global standards while maintaining its cultural variety.


Key Objectives of NCERT

  1. Research & Development: Conduct studies to address challenges in school education and innovate teaching methods 79.
  2. Curriculum Design: Develop national curriculum frameworks (NCFs) to guide syllabus creation. For instance, the 2005 NCF emphasized reducing rote learning and connecting education to real-life contexts 4.
  3. Teacher Training: Organize workshops and programs to enhance teaching skills 7.
  4. Publication: Produce textbooks, journals, and digital materials for schools 1.
  5. Policy Implementation: Act as a nodal agency for initiatives like the Universalization of Elementary Education 9.

NCERT’s work extends beyond academics. It runs competitive exams like the National Talent Search Examination (NTSE) and partners with organizations like UNICEF to distribute educational kits 47.

What Are NCERT Books?

NCERT Books are standardized textbooks published by the council for classes 1 to 12. These books are the backbone of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) curriculum and are adopted by 19 state boards 4[citation:11] . They cover subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, History, and Political Science, with content available in English, Hindi, Urdu, and regional languages 8.

Features of NCERT Books

  1. Curriculum-Aligned: Follow the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) to ensure uniformity across India 4.
  2. Affordable: Priced lower than private publications (e.g., a Chemistry book costs ~₹50) 412.
  3. Conceptual Clarity: Simplify complex topics with diagrams, examples, and exercises 11.
  4. Exam-Centric: Serve as the foundation for CBSE board exams and competitive tests like JEE and NEET 11.
  5. Inclusive: Include materials for students with disabilities, such as Indian Sign Language textbooks 4.

For example, the Class 11 Physics book breaks down laws of motion with real-world applications, while the History textbook Themes in World History explores global civilizations through maps and critical questions 8.

How Good Are NCERT Books?

NCERT textbooks are widely regarded as essential for Indian students, but their effectiveness has been debated.

Strengths

  1. Foundational Knowledge: They build a strong base for advanced studies. For instance, Biology textbooks explain cell structure and human physiology in detail, which is crucial for medical aspirants 811.
  2. Language Accessibility: Available in multiple languages, ensuring wider reach. Hindi-medium students can study Bharat ka Samvidhan for Political Science 8.
  3. Government Backing: CBSE mandates NCERT books, making them indispensable for board exams 4.
  4. Cost-Effective: Subsidized pricing makes them accessible to low-income families 12.

Criticisms

  1. Outdated Content: Critics argue that some books, like the 2007 History editions, lack updates on modern events or inclusive perspectives 12.
  2. Political Bias: Allegations of historical revisionism, such as omitting chapters on Islamic empires or Ambedkar-related controversies, have sparked debates 412.
  3. Limited Depth: While excellent for basics, students preparing for competitive exams often need supplementary books like HC Verma’s Physics or RD Sharma’s Mathematics 11.

Despite these issues, NCERT remains the gold standard for school education due to its structured approach and alignment with national policies.

Why NCERT Books Are Essential for Class 11 & 12 Students

  1. Board Exam Preparation: Over 90% of CBSE questions are directly from NCERT 11.
  2. Competitive Exams: NEET, JEE, and UPSC prelims rely heavily on NCERT concepts 11.
  3. Conceptual Understanding: Clear explanations help students grasp topics like Organic Chemistry or Microeconomics without confusion 8.
  4. Time Management: With concise content, students can cover syllabi faster and focus on revision 11.

For instance, the Class 12 Biology book’s chapter on Genetics is pivotal for NEET, while the Class 11 Mathematics book’s calculus section forms the basis for engineering entrance tests.

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RAPID REVISION WITH CLASS 12 HUMANITIES CHAPTER NOTES FOR CBSE BOARDS EXAMS 2025