CBSE CLASS 12 PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 4 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 12 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

This article provides comprehensive NCERT Solutions for Class XII Psychology, Chapter4 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.  This document will have both in-text and review questions for one subject, together with all exercise questions for another subject. Completing all NCERT questions is essential for all school and board examinations.

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NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 12 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS FOR BOARD EXAM 2025

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1. Identify the symptoms associated with depression and mania.

Ans Depression and mania are mood disorders characterized by emotional disturbances.

Symptoms of Depression:

• Loss of energy and extreme fatigue.
• Sleep problems (too much or too little).
• Difficulty in thinking clearly.
• Slowed behavior.

Symptoms of Mania (Bipolar Disorder):

• Alternating episodes of mania (high energy) and depression.
• Fast and nonstop speech during mania.
• Increased risk of suicide.

2. Describe the characteristics of children with hyperactivity.

Ans: Children with hyperactivity show the following traits:

• Constantly moving and unable to sit still.
• Restless and fidgety.
• Often squirming in their seats.

3. What are the consequences of alcohol and substance addiction?

Ans: Addiction to alcohol or drugs can lead to serious consequences:

Types of Substance Addiction:

• Substance Dependence:
• Intense craving for the drug.
• Increased tolerance (needing more of the substance for the same effect).
• Withdrawal symptoms when stopping use.

Substance Abuse:

• Poor performance at work.
• Damage to family and social relationships.
• Risky behaviors.

Examples:

Alcohol Abuse: Causes mental, social, and work-related issues.

Heroin Abuse: Leads to dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and disrupted life.

4. Can distorted body image lead to eating disorders? Classify the various forms of it.

Ans: Yes, distorted body image can lead to eating disorders.

Types of Eating Disorders:

• Anorexia Nervosa:

Seeing oneself as overweight despite being very thin.

Avoiding food, over-exercising, or eating in secret.

Extreme weight loss, possibly leading to starvation.

• Bulimia Nervosa:

Eating large amounts of food and purging (vomiting or using laxatives).

Feelings of shame after bingeing.

Binge Eating Disorder:

Repeated episodes of out-of-control eating without purging.

5. How are psychological disorders diagnosed?

Ans: Psychological disorders are diagnosed using classification systems:

• ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases):

Focuses on symptoms and is developed by WHO.

• DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders):

Includes dimensions like biological, psychological, and social factors.

Uses of Classification:

• Helps professionals communicate and understand disorders.
• Aids in diagnosing and finding causes of disorders.

6. Distinguish between obsessions and compulsions.

Ans: Obsessions: Unwanted, persistent thoughts or ideas (e.g., fear of germs).

Compulsions: Repetitive actions done to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions (e.g., frequent handwashing).

• Example of OCD Symptoms:
• Fear of contamination leading to excessive cleaning or avoiding objects.

7. Can a long-standing pattern of deviant behavior be considered abnormal?

Ans: Yes, a long-standing deviant behavior can be considered abnormal if it deviates from social norms or causes harm.

• Views on Abnormality:
• Deviation from Norms: Behavior breaking societal rules.
• Maladaptive Behavior: Actions that harm personal well-being or growth.
• 4 D’s of Abnormality:
• Deviance, Distress, Danger, Dysfunction.

8. While speaking in public, the patient changes topics frequently. Is this a positive or a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Ans: This is a positive symptom of schizophrenia called derailment (disorganized thinking and speech).

Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia:

Positive Symptoms (Pathological Excess):

• Delusions: False beliefs like being persecuted.
• Disorganized thoughts and speech.

Negative Symptoms (Pathological Deficits):

• Alogia: Poverty of speech.
• Blunted emotions: Limited emotional expressions.

Psychomotor Symptoms:

• Catatonia: Unusual body movements or staying still for long periods.

9. What do you understand by the term dissociation? Discuss its various forms.

Ans: Dissociation refers to a disconnection between thoughts, emotions, or identity.

Types of Dissociative Disorders:

• Dissociative Amnesia: Memory loss of specific events or periods without any physical injury.
• Dissociative Fugue: Sudden travel away from home with no memory of identity.
• Dissociative Identity Disorder: Presence of multiple personalities, often linked to childhood trauma.
• Depersonalization Disorder: Feeling detached from oneself or reality, like living in a dream.

10. What are phobias? Can a simple phobia (e.g., fear of snakes) result from faulty learning?

Ans: A phobia is an intense, irrational fear that leads to avoiding the feared object or situation.

Types of Phobias:

• Specific Phobias: Fear of objects like snakes, heights, or water.
• Social Phobias: Fear of being judged or humiliated in social situations.
• Agoraphobia: Fear of unfamiliar places or situations.

Development of Phobias:

• Phobias can develop from faulty learning, like learning fear from parents or society.

11. Anxiety has been called the ‘butterflies in the stomach’ feeling. At what stage does it become a disorder?

Ans: Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is excessive, prolonged, and interferes with daily life.

Symptoms of Anxiety:

• Rapid heart rate, sweating, dizziness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite.

Types of Anxiety Disorders:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Constant worry and restlessness.
• Panic Disorder: Sudden, intense anxiety attacks.
• Phobias: Fear of specific objects, people, or situations.
• Separation Anxiety Disorder: Extreme fear of being separated from loved ones.

See: Study like a topper - Join Humanitas Online Class 12 Batch

 

See: Study like a topper - Join Humanitas Online Class 12 Batch

NCERT Questions & Answers not only reinforce your comprehension of ideas and augment your learning but also serve as the foundation for all varieties of examination questions. The majority of the examination questions resemble those present in the NCERT. In certain instances, NCERT questions have appeared in examinations verbatim, without alterations.

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