CBSE CLASS 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE NCERT SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES - HUMANITAS

NCERT Solutions & Questions CBSE Class 12 Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES - HUMANITAS

This article provides comprehensive NCERT Solutions for CBSE CLASS 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES BY HUMANITAS. Completing all NCERT questions is essential for all school and board examinations.

We also offer Different Solutions which students from Class 11 & 12 face during their CBSE boards exam preparations and also during their CUET UG preparations. Please check them out:

1. Which among the following best explains the reason for growing concerns about the environment?

a. The developed countries are concerned about protecting nature.

b. Protection of the environment is vital for indigenous people and natural habitats.

c. The environmental degradation caused by human activities has become pervasive and has reached a dangerous level.

d. None of the above.

Answer: (c) The environmental degradation caused by human activities has become pervasive and has reached a dangerous level.

2. Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the Earth Summit:

a. It was attended by 170 countries, thousands of NGOs and many MNCs.

b. The summit was held under the aegis of the UN.

c. For the first time, global environmental issues were firmly consolidated at the political level.

d. It was a summit meeting.

Answer:  a. Correct.    B. Wrong.    c. Correct.    d. Wrong.

3. Which among the following are TRUE about the global commons?

a. The Earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, ocean floor and outer space are considered as part of the global commons.

b. The global commons are outside sovereign jurisdiction.

c. The question of managing the global commons has reflected the North-South divide.

d. The countries of the North are more concerned about the protection of the global commons than the countries of the South.

Answer: 

a. True.

B. True.

C. True.

d. False.

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4. What were the outcomes of the Rio Summit?

Answer:

The Rio Summit, held in 1992, led to significant outcomes: 

• the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 
• the Framework Convention on Climate Change, 
• and the formulation of Agenda 21—a plan for global sustainable development. 
• These agreements aimed to address environmental challenges through international cooperation and policy implementation.

5. What is meant by the global commons? How are they exploited and polluted?

Answer:

The global commons refer to natural resources and areas that are not under the jurisdiction of any single nation, such as the high seas, the atmosphere, Antarctica, and outer space. 

These areas are often exploited through activities like overfishing, pollution from industrial emissions, and unregulated resource extraction, which leads to environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity.

6. What is meant by ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’? How could we implement the idea?

Answer:

• 'Common but differentiated responsibilities' is a principle acknowledging that while all nations are responsible for addressing global environmental degradation, they have different capabilities and levels of development. 
• Its Implementation involves developed countries taking the lead in reducing emissions and providing financial and technological support to developing nations.
• This enabled them to pursue sustainable development without compromising economic growth.

7. Why have issues related to global environmental protection become the priority concern of states since the 1990s?

Answer:

• Since the 1990s, environmental issues have become a priority due to the recognition of global challenges like climate change, ozone layer depletion, and biodiversity loss. 
• The integration of ecosystems means that environmental degradation in one region can have worldwide impacts.
• It indicates states to collaborate on international agreements and policies to protect the environment collectively.

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8. Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies required by states to save planet Earth. Substantiate the statement in the light of the ongoing negotiations between the North and South on environmental issues.

Answer:

• The North (developed countries) and the South (developing countries) often have differing priorities regarding environmental policies. 
• Developed nations emphasize emission reductions, while developing countries focus on economic growth and poverty alleviation. 
• Effective environmental protection requires compromises, such as developed countries providing financial aid and technology transfer.

9. The most serious challenge before the states is pursuing economic development without causing further damage to the global environment. How could we achieve this? Explain with a few examples.

Answer:

Achieving economic development without environmental harm involves adopting sustainable practices like renewable energy utilization, implementing strict pollution controls, and promoting green technologies. 

For example, transitioning to solar or wind energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels, and enforcing regulations on industrial emissions can minimize air and water pollution, promoting economic growtth.

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