CBSE CLASS 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE NCERT SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 1 END OF BIPOLARITY - HUMANITAS

NCERT Questions & Solutions CBSE Class 12 Chapter 1 End of Bipolarity

This article provides comprehensive NCERT Solutions for CBSE CLASS 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 1 END OF BIPOLARITY. Completing all NCERT questions is essential for all school and board examinations.

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1. Which among the following statements that describe the nature of the Soviet economy is wrong?

a. Socialism was the dominant ideology

b. State ownership/control existed over the factors of production

c. People enjoyed economic freedom

d. Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the State

Answer: 

The incorrect statement is (c) People enjoyed economic freedom. The Soviet economy was characterized by state ownership and control over production, with every aspect planned and managed by the state, limiting individual economic freedom.

2. Arrange the following in chronological order:

a. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

b. Fall of the Berlin Wall

c. Disintegration of the Soviet Union

d. Russian Revolution

Answer: The correct chronological order is:

• (d) Russian Revolution (1917)
• (a) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
• (b) Fall of the Berlin Wall (November 1989)
• (c) Disintegration of the Soviet Union (1991) 

3. Which among the following is NOT an outcome of the disintegration of the USSR?

a. End of the ideological war between the US and USSR

b. Birth of CIS

c. Change in the balance of power in the world order

d. Crises in the Middle East

Answer:

The correct answer is (d) Crises in the Middle East. The disintegration of the USSR led to the end of the ideological war between the US and USSR, the birth of the CIS, and a change in the global balance of power, but it did not directly cause crises in the Middle East

4. Match the following:

i. Mikhail Gorbachev → a. Successor of USSR

ii. Shock Therapy → b. Military pact

iii. Russia → c. Introduced reforms

iv. Boris Yeltsin → d. Economic model

v. Warsaw → e. President of Russia

Answer:

The correct matches are:

• i. Mikhail Gorbachev → c. Introduced reforms
• ii. Shock Therapy → d. Economic model
• iii. Russia → a. Successor of USSR
• iv. Boris Yeltsin → e. President of Russia
• v. Warsaw → b. Military pact

5. Fill in the blanks.

a. The Soviet political system was based on ___________________ ideology.

b. _________________ was the military alliance started by the USSR.

c. ____________________ party dominated the Soviet Union’s political system.

d. ______________________ initiated the reforms in the USSR in 1985.

e. The fall of the ____________________ symbolised the end of the Cold War.

Answer:

a. The Soviet political system was based on socialist ideology.

b. Warsaw Pact was the military alliance started by the USSR.

c. Communist party dominated the Soviet Union’s political system.

d. Gorbachev initiated the reforms in the USSR in 1985.

e. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the end of the Cold War.

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​Text Based Questions

6. Mention any three features that distinguish the Soviet economy from that of a capitalist country like the US.

Answer:

The Soviet economy differed from capitalist economies like that of the US in several ways:

• The Soviet Union had state ownership of land and productive assets, whereas capitalist countries have private ownership.
• The Soviet economy was centrally planned and controlled by the state, in comparison to the market-driven economies of capitalist countries.
• There was a lack of consumer choice in the Soviet Union, unlike the wide options available in capitalist markets.

7. What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR?

Answer:

Mikhail Gorbachev initiated reforms in the USSR due to several pressing factors:

• The Soviet economy was experiencing stagnation, necessitating reforms to improve growth.
• There was a need to keep up with Western technological advancements.
• Gorbachev aimed to introduce transparency and reduce the authoritarian grip of the state.

8. What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for countries like India?

Answer:

The disintegration of the Soviet Union had significant impacts on countries like India:

• It marked the end of Cold War confrontations, reducing global ideological conflicts.
• India had to find a new global order with the emergence of the US as the sole superpower.
• The collapse of a major trading partner forced India to diversify its economic relations.

9. What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism?

Answer:

Shock Therapy refers to the quick transition from a state-controlled economy to a capitalist market economy, implemented in post-communist countries. This approach involved sudden privatization and economic liberalization. But, it led to economic hardships, increased poverty, and social unrest, suggesting that a gradual transition might have been more effectivein Russia.

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10. Write an essay for or against the following proposition: "With the disintegration of the Second World, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia."

Answer:

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 majorly impacted India's foreign policy, indicating a strategic reassessment. 

• Historically, India maintained strong ties with the USSR, relying on it for military and economic support. The dissolution of the Soviet Union created an economic, strategic, and policy vacuum for India.
• In response, India initiated economic liberalization and sought to diversify its international relationships from 1991, notably improving ties with Western nations, including the United States. 
• This shift aimed to attract foreign investment, access advanced technology, and fit into the global economy. But, India also preserved its traditional partnership with Russia, emphasizing a balanced foreign policy to maintain strategic autonomy. 
• This approach allowed India to engage with multiple global powers, ensuring flexibility in its international relations. 

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