CBSE CLASS 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR BOARDS 2025

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR CBSE BOARDS 2025 HUMANITAS

POLITICAL SCIENCE

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2024

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Describe any four criteria proposed in 1997 for new permanent and non-permanent members of the UN Security Council.
2. What is the primary goal of human security? Explain the difference between the narrow and broad concepts of human security.
3. Explain the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa.
4. Assess the economic importance of the European Union.
5. Analyse the role of the European Union as a supranational organization with the help of examples.
6. How was the Congress party transformed into a social coalition of classes and castes in the 20th century? Explain.
7. Analyse the circumstances that led to the Kargil conflict in 1999.
8. Distinguish between the nature of one-party dominance in India and the one-party dominance in some other countries, with the help of any two examples.
9. Analyse the role played by Jawaharlal Nehru for India in world affairs.
10. Keeping in mind the crucial role of politics in a democracy, which route did our national leaders decide to take in the newly independent India? Explain any two points.
11. Highlight the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the foreign policy of India.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Analyse any three effects of shock therapy after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
2. Explain any three environmental concerns in global politics that no single government can address.
3. Describe any three major challenges that independent India faced immediately after independence.
4. Describe the role played by Mahatma Gandhi to reduce communal violence that erupted in many parts of India at the time of the partition in 1947.
5. Analyse any three reasons for the movement against outsiders in Assam from 1979 to 1985.
6. "Regional aspirations are very much a part of democratic politics." Justify the statement.
7. Explain any three international environmental movements with examples.
8. Explain global commons with the help of any four examples. Why is it difficult to manage global commons?
9. Describe any four major consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
10. Describe any three problems that arose in the process of integrating the princely states into the Indian Union.

2023 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Analyse any two effects of globalisation on your daily life.
2. Suggest any two measures to conserve the natural resources.
3. Highlight any four steps taken by Indira Gandhi to remove poverty.
4. Analyse any two effects of globalisation on the festivals of India.
5. Suggest any two measures to improve relations between India and Pakistan.
6. Analyse any two effects of globalisation on the markets of your city.
7. Explain any two areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Analyse any three reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
2. Analyse any two reasons for the beginning of the Arab Spring and any two outcomes of this movement.
3. Highlight any three challenges faced by India after independence.
4. Highlight the role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to bring the Princely States into the Indian Union. Support your answer with the help of any three examples.
5. Evaluate the strength of the European Union as the most effective regional organisation on the basis of any three facts.
6. Despite various problems, the people in all the South Asian countries share the aspiration and support for democracy. Justify the statement with any three suitable examples.
7. Analyse any three reasons for the dominance of the Congress Party in Indian politics during the initial twenty years after independence.
8. Analyse any three reasons for the declaration of Emergency in 1975.
9. The disintegration of the USSR had deep consequences for world politics. Analyse the statement with the help of three examples.
10. Analyse any three important features of the First Gulf War.
11. Highlight any three challenges faced by India after independence.
12. Highlight the role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to bring the Princely States into the Indian Union. Support your answer with the help of any three examples.
13. Analyse any three reasons for the split in the Congress Party in 1969.
14. Analyse any three lessons learnt from the Emergency declared in 1975.
15. Highlight any three features of the process of reorganisation of states in India.
16. Highlight any three major consequences of the Partition of India in 1947.
17. Evaluate the strength of Japan as a new centre of power.
18. Analyse the ethnic conflict of Sri Lanka and its impact on the economy.

2022 

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Highlight any three areas where consensus has emerged among most of the political parties in India after 1989.
2. Highlight any two major changes that took place in Indian politics after 2014 and also name any two welfare programmes that made women the real beneficiaries.
3. Explain any four steps taken by China to develop its economy.
4. Explain any four factors that make the European Union a strong organization.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE 

1. Analyse any two reasons responsible for the resistance to globalization in India.
2. Describe any two important points of Ram Manohar Lohia's thinking about 'democratic socialism'.
3. Analyse any two demerits of globalization.
4. Explain any two points of Deen Dayal Upadhayay's thinking about Integral Humanism.
5. Explain any two economic consequences of Globalisation.
6. Describe any four excesses made by the Union Government during the period of emergency imposed in 1975.

2020 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. In which four ways are the smaller states helpful to the superpowers as their allies?
2. Analyse any three constraints on American power. In your view, which constraint can get more important in the future?
3. Explain any four consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
4. Explain any four reasons for the dominance of Congress Party in the first three general elections in India.
5. Examine any four factors that have influenced India’s foreign policy.
6. What is meant by Cold War? Why did it never escalate into a full-scale war?
7. What shall the State endeavour to do according to the Directive Principles of State Policy for promotion of international peace and security, as mentioned in the Indian Constitution?
8. Describe any four features of the Non-Aligned Movement.
9. Justify India’s nuclear policy by giving any two suitable arguments.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. "Movements and protests strengthen democracy." Do you agree with this statement? Support your answer with any three suitable examples.
2. "Regional demands from different parts of India exemplify the principle of unity with diversity." Support the statement with any three suitable examples.
3. Describe any three targets to be achieved according to the proposed reforms of the global trading system in the report brought out by UNCTAD in 1972.
4. Describe any three positive features and three weaknesses of the Soviet System.
5. Explain any four environmental concerns that have become issues of global politics.
6. Explain any four effects of globalization on the culture of a country.
7. Describe the relevance of the Non-Aligned Movement after the end of the Cold War.
8. State any six factors responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union (USSR).
9. Describe the role played by India in keeping the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) alive and relevant.
10. Describe any three areas of friendship and cooperation between India and Russia which make it an important aspect of India’s foreign policy.

2019 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Analyse the Nuclear policy of India.
2. Analyse any two causes of conflict between India and China.
3. Explain any two constraints on the American hegemony.
4. Explain any two factors that have contributed to Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy.
5. Explain any two arguments given by the advocates of economic globalization.
6. Describe any four features of the ideology followed by Swatantra Party founded in 1959.
7. Describe any four criteria that have been proposed in recent years for new permanent and non-permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.
8. Describe any four new sources of threats to non-traditional security.
9. Explain any two arguments given by the advocates of political globalization.
10. Whom did the two factions of the Communist Party support, after its split in 1964 and why?
11. Analyse the consequences of the defeat of the official Congress candidate in the Presidential election of 1969.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. Describe any six features of the erstwhile Soviet System.
2. Describe briefly the Cuban Missile Crisis.
3. Explain the circumstances that led to the creation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh succeed in establishing representative democracy based on a multiparty system?
4. Explain any six reasons for the rise of the Chinese economy.
5. Assess any three benefits of the coalition governments in India since 1989.
6. Analyse any three main causes of unrest in Jammu and Kashmir.
7. Describe any three important events that led to the split in the Congress Party in 1969.
8. Describe any three events that led to the imposition of emergency in 1975.
9. Explain any six consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
10. Highlight any three major reasons for the dominance of the Congress Party in the first three general elections after independence.
11. Analyse India’s stand on environmental issues discussed at the international level.
12. Evaluate the cultural consequences of globalization.
13. Mention any six reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
14. Name the five founder leaders of NAM along with the countries they belong to.
15. Which three factors were the culmination of the non-aligned Summit of 1961 in Belgrade?
16. Explain Nepal’s transition from monarchy to democracy.
17. How has the European Union evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one? Explain.

2018 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. Explain any four steps taken by China that led to the rise of its economy.
2. Highlight any four factors which justify India’s claim to a permanent seat in the U.N. Security Council.
3. Evaluate any four benefits of the ‘Green Revolution’.
4. Why did India distance herself from the two superpower camps?
5. Describe any four activities of the Dalit Panthers to promote their interests.
6. Mention any four Prime Ministers of India and name their respective coalitions that led the Union Government from 1989 to 1999.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. What is meant by ‘Shock Therapy’? Explain any four consequences of Shock Therapy.
2. Describe any three operations (military actions) launched by the US which proved and established its supremacy as a Hard Power.
3. Describe any three points of conflict between India and Pakistan.
4. Examine the six reforms proposed as criteria for new permanent and non-permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.
5. Analyse any three broad components of the security strategy of India.
6. Describe any three major reasons that led to the declaration of Emergency in 1975.
7. Describe any four steps taken by Indira Gandhi to implement the ‘Garibi Hatao’ Programme.
8. Analyse any three threats to the global environment these days.
9. Analyse any three demerits of globalisation.
10. ‘‘In the midst of severe competition and many conflicts, a consensus appears to have emerged among most political parties of India.’’ In the light of this statement, analyse any three elements of growing consensus.
11. ‘‘Jammu and Kashmir is one of the living examples of plural society and politics.’’ Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.

2017 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

1. What was the main objective behind China’s adoption of the Soviet model of economy? In which two ways was China benefitted by it?
2. Describe terrorism as a new source of threat to security.
3. Explain any four negative consequences of globalisation for the people of India.
4. Highlight any four consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
5. What distinguished the dominance of the Congress Party in India from the one-party dominance in other countries? Explain.
6. Examine the dramatic changes that took place in the party system in India during 1969 to 1977.
7. Describe Indo-China relations from 1947 to 1962.
8. What is the full form of WTO? When was it set up? How does it function?
9. Explain any four economic consequences of globalisation.
10. Describe any four long-term implications of the conflict of 1962 between India and China.
11. What is Amnesty International? State its main functions.

LONG ANSWER TYPE

1. In what three ways did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect world politics? Explain.
2. Examine the U.S. hegemony as a structural power.
3. Assess the role of ASEAN as an economic association.
4. Mention the six principal organs of the United Nations and describe the functions of any two of them.
5. Describe the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.
6. Do you agree with the statement that "the foreign policy of independent India has pursued the dream of a peaceful world"? Support your answer with any three suitable arguments.
7. Give any three suitable arguments in favour of "India being a staunch supporter of the decolonisation process and in firm opposition to racialism."
8. Highlight the acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency imposed in 1975. In your opinion, how did these acts affect the public opinion?
9. Analyse the issue "Indira vs the Syndicate." What type of challenges did the issue pose before Indira Gandhi?
10. Describe any three areas of tension which are yet to be solved to retain unity in diversity in India.
11. Describe any three elements of growing consensus among most of the political parties of India after 1989.
12. "Resistance is the only option available to overcome the U.S. hegemony." Justify the statement by comparing it to other anti-hegemony strategies.
13. "Nepal and India enjoy a very special relationship that has very few parallels in the world." Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.
14. Trace the evolution of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. How does it function with the help of its various structures and agencies?
15. What is meant by global poverty? Suggest any two ways to reduce disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level.
16. Examine the sequence of events related to the formation of governments in Bangladesh from 1971 to 1990.
17. Evaluate the American hegemony as a hard power.
18. Mention any six post-Cold War changes that have necessitated reforms to make the United Nations work better.
19. What is meant by cooperative security? How can this be made more effective?

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